Milan Cathedral, Milan 
"What a wonder it is! So grand, so solemn, so vast! And yet so delicate, so airy, so graceful!" --Mark Twain
View of the Duomo di Milano from southwest. Click to enlarge, and see
our Milan Cathedral Photo Gallery for many more views.
The impressive west front, with restoration works as of May 2008.
The Duomo and an equestrian statue at sunset. Photo
Gianni D. 
The Duomo in all its pointy Gothic glory by night. Photo
waldopepper.
View from roof.
East side of the Duomo, with choir windows. Photo
Ben Zibble.
Strolling on the roof of the second-largest Catholic cathedral in the world.
A view down Duomo's huge nave. Photo
Ben Zibble.
Great pillars, side aisle and side altar. Photo
Ben Zibble.
Gory 16th-century statue of St. Bartholomew, who was flayed alive.
View of the choir. Photo
Dave Chiu.
Detail of choir window.
Location map and aerial view of Milan Cathedral. For a larger interactive view, see our Milan Map.
An exceptionally large and elaborate Gothic cathedral on the main square of Milan, the Duomo di Milano is one of the most famous buildings in Europe. It is the largest Gothic cathedral and the second largest Catholic cathedral in the world.
History
The street plan of Milan, with streets either radiating from the Duomo or circling it, indicates that the Duomo occupied the most important site in the ancient Roman city of Mediolanum.
Saint Ambrose built a new basilica on this site at the beginning of the 5th century, with an adjoining basilica added in 836. When fire damaged both buildings in 1075, they were rebuilt as the Duomo.
In 1386 the archbishop, Antonio da Saluzzo, began the new project in a rayonnant Late Gothic style that is more characteristic of France than Italy. Work proceeded for generations.
The main spire was topped in 1762 with a polychrome statue of the Madonna, to whom the Duomo and its predecessor have always been dedicated.
Even now, some uncarved blocks remain to be turned into sculpture. Gothic construction on the rest of the Duomo was largely complete in the 1880s.
The Duomo was recently under major renovations and cleaning for several years, obscuring the west front with scaffolding. Works were finally completed in 2009, revealing the newly-cleaned facade in all its glory.
What to See
Milan's Duomo is the second largest Catholic cathedral in the world: only Seville Cathedral is larger (and St. Peter's Basilica doesn't count because it's not a cathedral). Milan Cathedral is 157 meters long and 40,000 people can fit comfortably within.
Exterior
The Duomo of Milan blurs the distinction between Gothic and neo-Gothic, for the Gothic west front was begun in 1616 and completed 200 years later. Only in its details does it reveal its Baroque and Neo-Classical date. From 1900 some of the less Gothic details of the facade were replaced in a true Gothic style, to designs of Giuseppe Brentano.
The roofline dissolves into openwork pinnacles that are punctuated by a grove of spires, topped with statues that overlook the city. The main spire is 109 meters high. These can all be investigated up close on a breathtaking walk on the roof.
The huge building is made of brick faced with marble from the quarries that Gian Galeazzo Visconti donated in perpetuity to the cathedral chapter.
Interior
The cathedral's five wide naves are reflected in the hierarchic openings of the facade. Even the transepts have aisles. The great windows of the choir are reputed to be the largest in the world.
Mark Twain, a great fan of the Duomo, can take over the description from here (from Innocents Abroad):
What a wonder it is! So grand, so solemn, so vast! And yet so delicate, so airy, so graceful! A very world of solid weight, and yet it seems ...a delusion of frostwork that might vanish with a breath!...
The central one of its five great doors is bordered with a bas-relief of birds and fruits and beasts and insects, which have been so ingeniously carved out of the marble that they seem like living creatures-- and the figures are so numerous and the design so complex, that one might study it a week without exhausting its interest...everywhere that a niche or a perch can be found about the enormous building, from summit to base, there is a marble statue, and every statue is a study in itself...
Away above, on the lofty roof, rank on rank of carved and fretted spires spring high in the air, and through their rich tracery one sees the sky beyond. ...(Up on) the roof...springing from its broad marble flagstones, were the long files of spires, looking very tall close at hand, but diminishing in the distance...We could see, now, that the statue on the top of each was the size of a large man, though they all looked like dolls from the street...
They say that the Cathedral of Milan is second only to St. Peter's at Rome. I cannot understand how it can be second to anything made by human hands.
We don't think the Duomo di Milano is quite as exciting as Mark Twain did. Although the facade is lovely and the cathedral is impressively large, it is quite dark and not terribly interesting inside.
However, all the extras of the Duomo are very interesting: the roof climb; the treasury; and the excavations of the Early Christian baptistery.
Roof Climb
The roof climb provides a unique and memorable opportunity to walk high on the roofs of the huge Gothic cathedral. The views are magnificent and the opportunity to see the pinnacles and sculptures close up along the way is worth the climb alone.
Entrance is from the north side of the cathedral (walk around left from the front). You can choose to walk up the stairs - which are solid, square, and more roomy than many cathedral stairways - or take an elevator for a higher price.
Crypt and Treasury
The crypt is entered from inside the cathedral near the choir. Entrance to the crypt is free and many visitors descend the short stairway to visit the tomb of Cardinal Borromeo.
Also in the crypt is the Tesoro del Duomo, or Cathedral Treasury. If you have any interest in medieval art, religious art, or "old stuff" in general, this is a must-see. And admission is only €1. Please see our separate article and photo gallery of the Cathedral Treasury for more details.
Baptistery Excavations
Archaeological excavations beneath the cathedral have revealed the foundations of a Paleochristian Baptistery dating from the 4th century. It is said to be the baptistery in which St. Ambrose, Bishop of Milan, baptized his student Augustine. Please see our separate article on the Paleochristian Baptistery for more details.
Festivals and Events
On the Saturday closest to September 14, the nail from Christ’s cross is brought out of its home in the crucifix on a ceiling vault behind the altar.
Quick Facts
Site Information |
| Names: | Milan Cathedral; Duomo di Milan |
| Dedicated to: | Virgin Mary |
| Location: | Milan, Lombardy, Italy |
| Category: | Cathedrals |
| Faith: | Christianity |
| Denomination: | Catholic |
| Status: | active |
| Date: | 1616-c.1880 |
| Architecture: | Gothic, Gothic Revival |
| Size: | Length: 157 meters Capacity: 40,000 |
Visitor Information |
| Coordinates: | 45.464172° N, 9.191608° E (view on Google Maps) |
| Address: | Piazza del Duomo, Milan, Italy 20123 |
| Phone: | 02-860-358 or 02-8646-3456 |
| Hours: | Cathedral: daily 6:50am-7pm Roof: daily 7am-7pm Crypt: daily 9am-noon and 2:30-6pm Baptistery: Tue-Sun 10am-12 and 3-5pm Museo del Duomo: Tue-Sun 9:30am-12:30pm and 3-6pm |
| Cost: | Cathedral: Free Roof: 4€ by stairs, 6€ with elevator Crypt: Admission 1.50Ã�¢ï¿½Ã�¬ ($1.95); Baptistery: 1.50€ |
| Photography: | Prohibited |
| Public transport: | Metro: Duomo |
Travel Resources
- Milan Map - our detailed interactive map of Milan, plus hand-picked links to more
- Milan Guided Tours - book sightseeing tours and activities in Milan
- Milan Hotels - check availability, maps, photos and reviews, then book at the guaranteed lowest rate
- Milan Hostels - reserve budget lodgings with no booking fees
- Milan Car Rentals - get the lowest rate by comparing multiple car companies at a glance
- Milan Travel Forum - tips, answers and advice on Milan tourism
Article Sources
Article written by Holly Hayes with reference to the following sources:
- Personal visits (September 2004 and May 2008).
- Il Duomo di Milano e la Madonnina - Milano Metropoli (Italian only)
- Cathedral (Duomo) - TripAdvisor (reviews by travelers)
- Duomo - Frommer's Attraction Review
- Duomo - Fodor's Online Travel Guide
- The Duomo - The Economist Cities Guide: Milan
- Duomo - WGuides.com
Article last updated: 09/12/2009.
